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  5. CVE-2025-71408

CVE-2025-71408: NLTK vulnerable to Eval Injection via collocations CLI arguments

July 25, 2026 (updated August 12, 2026)

NLTK (Natural Language Toolkit) before version 3.9.3 contains an eval injection vulnerability in the nltk.collocations module that allows an attacker who controls command-line arguments to execute arbitrary Python code. When collocations.py is invoked directly, the main block passes command-line arguments directly to eval() as suffixes of BigramAssocMeasures without allowlist validation or sanitization, enabling an attacker to supply a Python expression that escapes the intended attribute lookup and executes arbitrary code including OS commands via the os module.

References

  • aydinnyunus.github.io/2026/06/07/command-injection-nltk-collocations-eval
  • github.com/advisories/GHSA-848c-c2cx-j7qx
  • github.com/nltk/nltk/commit/66f14096d952ec8f04934f515e027534bd4eb0ac
  • github.com/nltk/nltk/pull/3465
  • github.com/nltk/nltk/releases/tag/3.9.3
  • github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/nltk/PYSEC-2026-3657.yaml
  • nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-71408
  • www.vulncheck.com/advisories/nltk-eval-injection-via-collocations-py-command-line-arguments

Code Behaviors & Features

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Affected versions

All versions before 3.9.3

Fixed versions

  • 3.9.3

Solution

Upgrade to version 3.9.3 or above.

Impact 7.8 HIGH

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Learn more about CVSS

Weakness

  • CWE-95: Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code ('Eval Injection')

Source file

pypi/nltk/CVE-2025-71408.yml

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