CVE-2026-5422: Jupyter Server vulnerable to Path Traversal via incorrect root directory boundary check in _get_os_path()

A path traversal vulnerability exists in jupyter-server version 2.17.0 due to an incorrect root directory boundary check in the _get_os_path() function within jupyter_server/services/contents/fileio.py. The check uses startswith(root) without appending a trailing path separator, allowing sibling directories with names starting with the same prefix as root_dir to bypass the check. Additionally, the to_os_path() function in utils.py does not strip “..” from path parts, enabling traversal sequences to bypass the vulnerable check. This vulnerability can lead to unauthorized read/write access to files in sibling directories, potentially exposing sensitive data in shared hosting environments.