The FunctionsBuilder::cast($field, $dataType), extract($part, $expr), datePart($part, $expr), dateAdd($expr, $value, $unit) methods are vulnerable to SQL injection if user controlled data is supplied to the ($dataType / $part / $unit) parameters.
The FunctionsBuilder::jsonValue($field, $jsonPath) methods with the Postgres driver is vulnerable to SQL injection if user controlled data is supplied to the $jsonPath parameter.
CakePHP is a development framework for PHP web apps. In affected versions the Cake\Database\Query::limit() and Cake\Database\Query::offset() methods is vulnerable to SQL injection if passed un-sanitized user request data. This issue has been fixed in 4.2.12, 4.3.11, 4.4.10. Users are advised to upgrade. Users unable to upgrade may mitigate this issue by using CakePHP's Pagination library. Manually validating or casting parameters to these methods will also mitigate the issue.