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CVE-2026-59869: js-yaml: YAML merge-key chains can force quadratic CPU consumption

July 20, 2026

js-yaml can spend quadratic CPU time parsing a document whose size grows only linearly. The issue is triggered by a chain of mappings where each mapping merges the previous one:

a0: &a0 { k0: 0 }
a1: &a1 { <<: *a0, k1: 1 }
a2: &a2 { <<: *a1, k2: 2 }
a3: &a3 { <<: *a2, k3: 3 }
...
b: *aN

For each new mapping, the loader has to enumerate the keys inherited from the previous mapping. With N chained mappings, this results in roughly 1 + 2 + … + N merged-key visits, i.e., O(N^2) work for O(N) input size.

References

  • github.com/advisories/GHSA-52cp-r559-cp3m
  • github.com/nodeca/js-yaml/commit/24f13e79ee1343a7e30bd6f6c9d9cdbf0ac9b2b7
  • github.com/nodeca/js-yaml/commit/59423c6f8cdc78742ac00e25a4dd39ef16b702e4
  • github.com/nodeca/js-yaml/releases/tag/3.15.0
  • github.com/nodeca/js-yaml/releases/tag/4.3.0
  • github.com/nodeca/js-yaml/security/advisories/GHSA-52cp-r559-cp3m
  • nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-59869

Code Behaviors & Features

Detect and mitigate CVE-2026-59869 with GitLab Dependency Scanning

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Affected versions

All versions starting from 3.0.0 before 3.15.0, all versions starting from 4.0.0 before 4.3.0

Fixed versions

  • 3.15.0
  • 4.3.0

Solution

Upgrade to versions 3.15.0, 4.3.0 or above.

Impact 7.5 HIGH

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Learn more about CVSS

Weakness

  • CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
  • CWE-407: Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity

Source file

npm/js-yaml/CVE-2026-59869.yml

Spotted a mistake? Edit the file on GitLab.

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