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CVE-2026-84428: fastify vulnerable to header validation bypass via incomplete schema case normalization

September 30, 2026

Fastify lowercases header-schema property names before compiling the schema, because Node.js stores request header names in lowercase. That normalization was incomplete: it lowercased only top-level properties keys and the root required array, and did not lowercase the JSON Schema Draft 7 dependencies keyword (its trigger keys and dependent property names) or names in nested subschemas. As a result, a header schema that uses dependencies to require one header when another is present (for example X-Admin requiring X-Admin-Token) never matches the lowercased request headers, so the dependency assertion is silently skipped. An unauthenticated remote client can send the header that activates a privileged path while omitting the header the dependency was meant to require, bypassing a schema-enforced security control. The header schema is idiomatic, valid JSON Schema Draft 7, and no custom validator, malformed request, or misconfiguration is required.

References

  • cna.openjsf.org/security-advisories.html
  • github.com/advisories/GHSA-9q9j-q6p8-xq58
  • github.com/fastify/fastify/commit/179619c8e99d54924309b9933402151ef9af37e0
  • github.com/fastify/fastify/releases/tag/v5.12.2
  • github.com/fastify/fastify/security/advisories/GHSA-9q9j-q6p8-xq58
  • nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-84428

Code Behaviors & Features

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Affected versions

All versions before 5.12.2

Fixed versions

  • 5.12.2

Solution

Upgrade to version 5.12.2 or above.

Impact 7.5 HIGH

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N

Learn more about CVSS

Weakness

  • CWE-178: Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity

Source file

npm/fastify/CVE-2026-84428.yml

Spotted a mistake? Edit the file on GitLab.

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