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CVE-2025-65026: esm.sh CDN service has JS Template Literal Injection in CSS-to-JavaScript

November 19, 2025 (updated November 27, 2025)

The esm.sh CDN service contains a Template Literal Injection vulnerability (CWE-94) in its CSS-to-JavaScript module conversion feature.

When a CSS file is requested with the ?module query parameter, esm.sh converts it to a JavaScript module by embedding the CSS content directly into a template literal without proper sanitization.

An attacker can inject malicious JavaScript code using ${...} expressions within CSS files, which will execute when the module is imported by victim applications. This enables Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) in browsers and Remote Code Execution (RCE) in Electron applications.

Root Cause: The CSS module conversion logic (router.go:1112-1119) performs incomplete sanitization - it only checks for backticks (`) but fails to escape template literal expressions (${...}), allowing arbitrary JavaScript execution when the CSS content is inserted into a template literal string.

References

  • github.com/advisories/GHSA-hcpf-qv9m-vfgp
  • github.com/esm-dev/esm.sh
  • github.com/esm-dev/esm.sh/commit/87d2f6497574bf4448641a5527a3ac2beba5fd6c
  • github.com/esm-dev/esm.sh/security/advisories/GHSA-hcpf-qv9m-vfgp
  • nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-65026

Code Behaviors & Features

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Affected versions

All versions before 0.0.0-20251118065157-87d2f6497574

Fixed versions

  • 0.0.0-20251118065157-87d2f6497574

Solution

Upgrade to version 0.0.0-20251118065157-87d2f6497574 or above.

Impact 6.1 MEDIUM

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N

Learn more about CVSS

Weakness

  • CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')

Source file

go/github.com/esm-dev/esm.sh/CVE-2025-65026.yml

Spotted a mistake? Edit the file on GitLab.

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