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  5. CVE-2026-59989

CVE-2026-59989: Phalcon Volt compiler `join` filter compile-time PHP code injection (SSTI leads to RCE)

August 21, 2026 (updated August 27, 2026)

The Volt template compiler in Phalcon generates the PHP for the join filter by string-concatenating the filter’s raw template-literal argument bytes with no escaping. The separator literal is dropped verbatim between two single quotes the compiler emits, and the piped array argument is emitted completely bare. A Volt template whose join arguments are attacker-influenced can therefore break out of the generated join('…') call and inject arbitrary PHP into the compiled template. Volt writes that compiled template to a cache file and require()s it at render time, so the injected PHP executes i.e. compile-time PHP code injection (server-side template injection -> remote code execution) for any application that compiles attacker-controlled Volt source.

References

  • github.com/advisories/GHSA-hrwp-4hh9-c8r8
  • github.com/phalcon/cphalcon/commit/e434061be3b7161930476c1368c868badc71e1bd
  • github.com/phalcon/cphalcon/pull/17217
  • github.com/phalcon/cphalcon/releases/tag/v5.16.0
  • github.com/phalcon/cphalcon/security/advisories/GHSA-hrwp-4hh9-c8r8
  • nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-59989

Code Behaviors & Features

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Affected versions

All versions before 5.16.0

Fixed versions

  • 5.16.0

Solution

Upgrade to version 5.16.0 or above.

Impact 9.8 CRITICAL

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Learn more about CVSS

Weakness

  • CWE-1336: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
  • CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')

Source file

packagist/phalcon/cphalcon/CVE-2026-59989.yml

Spotted a mistake? Edit the file on GitLab.

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